A VISUAL GUIDE THROUGH PRADO MUSEUM
THE RAPE OF EUROPE
ROOM 015A
Floor 1
Rubens
You are looking at a guide about trust. In these paintings, the main idea is how humans created classical myths to explain or compare them with real life. The goal is to teach a moral lesson to the viewer.
This specific painting, "The Rape of Europe", shows us the power that gods have over reality. It teaches us a lesson about the trust we place in others and how that trust can sometimes lead to tragedy.
Did you know that...
Curiosity 1
Just like the Adam and Eve painting in the Prado, this work is a copy made by Rubens based on an original by Titian. However, this time Rubens made fewer changes. He mainly focused on modifying the technique of the lines and using much brighter colors to give the scene more energy.
Curiosity 2
According to Francisco Pacheco (Velázquez's father-in-law), Rubens was so fascinated by Titian that he tried to copy every single one of the Italian artist's works. This was probably impossible, but it shows how much Rubens admired him while he was visiting the court of King Philip IV, where many of Titian’s paintings were kept.
Curiosity 3
Even though the story of the painting started in Spain, Titian’s original version is not in the Prado Museum. While you can see Rubens' version in Madrid, if you want to see the original by Titian, you have to travel all the way to Boston to visit the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum.
Painting audio guide:
Audio made by Miguel Catalán highschool students Julio and Ainhoa
Audio transcription:
“We can see a half-naked woman clinging to a white bull. Also, there are three cupids, two flying in the sky and one on the shore of a lake standing on top of a fish. Additionally, in the background of the painting, we can see more people with animals walking by the sea, which reflects the blue sky. Further in the background, we can see some mountains. It is based on a Greek myth. The half-naked woman in the painting was a princess named Europe, who was lying on a white bull while holding onto one of its horns. The white bull is Zeus, the god of sky, thunder, and lightning, who transformed himself into a bull to kidnap the princess. Cupids also appear in the sky, symbolizing love, and are there to give a contrast between beauty and violence. Europe was playing with her friends on the beach when Zeus suddenly appeared in the form of a white bull. She decided to approach him to pet him, and when she climbed on top of him, Zeus decided to swim with her across the sea to Crete, a huge Greek island. Then he made her his lover, and they had three children: Minos, Rhadamanthus, and Sarpedon. The original painting is in the Isabella Stewart Gardner in Boston, and it was painted by Tiziano between 1560 and 1562 for King Philip II of Spain. It belongs to the Renaissance period and measures 178 centimeters high plus 205 centimeters wide. It was made with oil paint, which means color pigment mixed with oil on canvas. The replica was painted by Rubens between 1628 and 1629 and is in the Prado Museum in Madrid, Spain. It is in the room 'Salón de los Reinos', and it measures 184 centimeters plus 208 centimeters, so it's slightly larger than the original. It is painted with the same materials, and the light in the painting does not come from a single fixed point, but is distributed throughout the painting, with Europe's body highlighted to be the focus of attention, and the rest, such as the bull, the sea, the cupids, and more, are bathed in warmer light. Titian used warm tones like reds, pinks, gold, and more, mainly on Europe; then blues and greens on the sea and in the background to give a sense of depth, and white and grays were used on the bull. He used atmospheric perspective as the objects in the background are more blurred to give the impression of distance, while those in the foreground are sharper. This suggests that there is motion and is not static. While the bull is advancing through the water, Europe expressed panic by stretching all her arms in struggle because basically she is being kidnapped. The folds of her dress flying in the wind and the cupids float in different positions. Today, the Aegean Sea has evidence from the myth. It was said that the islands were the place where the bull left its marks. Some versions named Europe as the first woman to cross the sea to the west, reflecting the encounter between East and West. Europe was not Greek, she was Phoenician, and this painting appears in the background of 'The Spinners' from Velázquez."




